Source file src/time/format.go

Documentation: time

     1  // Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  package time
     6  
     7  import "errors"
     8  
     9  // These are predefined layouts for use in Time.Format and time.Parse.
    10  // The reference time used in these layouts is the specific time stamp:
    11  //
    12  //	01/02 03:04:05PM '06 -0700
    13  //
    14  // (January 2, 15:04:05, 2006, in time zone seven hours west of GMT).
    15  // That value is recorded as the constant named Layout, listed below. As a Unix
    16  // time, this is 1136239445. Since MST is GMT-0700, the reference would be
    17  // printed by the Unix date command as:
    18  //
    19  //	Mon Jan 2 15:04:05 MST 2006
    20  //
    21  // It is a regrettable historic error that the date uses the American convention
    22  // of putting the numerical month before the day.
    23  //
    24  // The example for Time.Format demonstrates the working of the layout string
    25  // in detail and is a good reference.
    26  //
    27  // Note that the RFC822, RFC850, and RFC1123 formats should be applied
    28  // only to local times. Applying them to UTC times will use "UTC" as the
    29  // time zone abbreviation, while strictly speaking those RFCs require the
    30  // use of "GMT" in that case.
    31  // In general RFC1123Z should be used instead of RFC1123 for servers
    32  // that insist on that format, and RFC3339 should be preferred for new protocols.
    33  // RFC3339, RFC822, RFC822Z, RFC1123, and RFC1123Z are useful for formatting;
    34  // when used with time.Parse they do not accept all the time formats
    35  // permitted by the RFCs and they do accept time formats not formally defined.
    36  // The RFC3339Nano format removes trailing zeros from the seconds field
    37  // and thus may not sort correctly once formatted.
    38  //
    39  // Most programs can use one of the defined constants as the layout passed to
    40  // Format or Parse. The rest of this comment can be ignored unless you are
    41  // creating a custom layout string.
    42  //
    43  // To define your own format, write down what the reference time would look like
    44  // formatted your way; see the values of constants like ANSIC, StampMicro or
    45  // Kitchen for examples. The model is to demonstrate what the reference time
    46  // looks like so that the Format and Parse methods can apply the same
    47  // transformation to a general time value.
    48  //
    49  // Here is a summary of the components of a layout string. Each element shows by
    50  // example the formatting of an element of the reference time. Only these values
    51  // are recognized. Text in the layout string that is not recognized as part of
    52  // the reference time is echoed verbatim during Format and expected to appear
    53  // verbatim in the input to Parse.
    54  //
    55  //	Year: "2006" "06"
    56  //	Month: "Jan" "January" "01" "1"
    57  //	Day of the week: "Mon" "Monday"
    58  //	Day of the month: "2" "_2" "02"
    59  //	Day of the year: "__2" "002"
    60  //	Hour: "15" "3" "03" (PM or AM)
    61  //	Minute: "4" "04"
    62  //	Second: "5" "05"
    63  //	AM/PM mark: "PM"
    64  //
    65  // Numeric time zone offsets format as follows:
    66  //
    67  //	"-0700"     ±hhmm
    68  //	"-07:00"    ±hh:mm
    69  //	"-07"       ±hh
    70  //	"-070000"   ±hhmmss
    71  //	"-07:00:00" ±hh:mm:ss
    72  //
    73  // Replacing the sign in the format with a Z triggers
    74  // the ISO 8601 behavior of printing Z instead of an
    75  // offset for the UTC zone. Thus:
    76  //
    77  //	"Z0700"      Z or ±hhmm
    78  //	"Z07:00"     Z or ±hh:mm
    79  //	"Z07"        Z or ±hh
    80  //	"Z070000"    Z or ±hhmmss
    81  //	"Z07:00:00"  Z or ±hh:mm:ss
    82  //
    83  // Within the format string, the underscores in "_2" and "__2" represent spaces
    84  // that may be replaced by digits if the following number has multiple digits,
    85  // for compatibility with fixed-width Unix time formats. A leading zero represents
    86  // a zero-padded value.
    87  //
    88  // The formats __2 and 002 are space-padded and zero-padded
    89  // three-character day of year; there is no unpadded day of year format.
    90  //
    91  // A comma or decimal point followed by one or more zeros represents
    92  // a fractional second, printed to the given number of decimal places.
    93  // A comma or decimal point followed by one or more nines represents
    94  // a fractional second, printed to the given number of decimal places, with
    95  // trailing zeros removed.
    96  // For example "15:04:05,000" or "15:04:05.000" formats or parses with
    97  // millisecond precision.
    98  //
    99  // Some valid layouts are invalid time values for time.Parse, due to formats
   100  // such as _ for space padding and Z for zone information.
   101  const (
   102  	Layout      = "01/02 03:04:05PM '06 -0700" // The reference time, in numerical order.
   103  	ANSIC       = "Mon Jan _2 15:04:05 2006"
   104  	UnixDate    = "Mon Jan _2 15:04:05 MST 2006"
   105  	RubyDate    = "Mon Jan 02 15:04:05 -0700 2006"
   106  	RFC822      = "02 Jan 06 15:04 MST"
   107  	RFC822Z     = "02 Jan 06 15:04 -0700" // RFC822 with numeric zone
   108  	RFC850      = "Monday, 02-Jan-06 15:04:05 MST"
   109  	RFC1123     = "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 MST"
   110  	RFC1123Z    = "Mon, 02 Jan 2006 15:04:05 -0700" // RFC1123 with numeric zone
   111  	RFC3339     = "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00"
   112  	RFC3339Nano = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999999Z07:00"
   113  	Kitchen     = "3:04PM"
   114  	// Handy time stamps.
   115  	Stamp      = "Jan _2 15:04:05"
   116  	StampMilli = "Jan _2 15:04:05.000"
   117  	StampMicro = "Jan _2 15:04:05.000000"
   118  	StampNano  = "Jan _2 15:04:05.000000000"
   119  )
   120  
   121  const (
   122  	_                        = iota
   123  	stdLongMonth             = iota + stdNeedDate  // "January"
   124  	stdMonth                                       // "Jan"
   125  	stdNumMonth                                    // "1"
   126  	stdZeroMonth                                   // "01"
   127  	stdLongWeekDay                                 // "Monday"
   128  	stdWeekDay                                     // "Mon"
   129  	stdDay                                         // "2"
   130  	stdUnderDay                                    // "_2"
   131  	stdZeroDay                                     // "02"
   132  	stdUnderYearDay                                // "__2"
   133  	stdZeroYearDay                                 // "002"
   134  	stdHour                  = iota + stdNeedClock // "15"
   135  	stdHour12                                      // "3"
   136  	stdZeroHour12                                  // "03"
   137  	stdMinute                                      // "4"
   138  	stdZeroMinute                                  // "04"
   139  	stdSecond                                      // "5"
   140  	stdZeroSecond                                  // "05"
   141  	stdLongYear              = iota + stdNeedDate  // "2006"
   142  	stdYear                                        // "06"
   143  	stdPM                    = iota + stdNeedClock // "PM"
   144  	stdpm                                          // "pm"
   145  	stdTZ                    = iota                // "MST"
   146  	stdISO8601TZ                                   // "Z0700"  // prints Z for UTC
   147  	stdISO8601SecondsTZ                            // "Z070000"
   148  	stdISO8601ShortTZ                              // "Z07"
   149  	stdISO8601ColonTZ                              // "Z07:00" // prints Z for UTC
   150  	stdISO8601ColonSecondsTZ                       // "Z07:00:00"
   151  	stdNumTZ                                       // "-0700"  // always numeric
   152  	stdNumSecondsTz                                // "-070000"
   153  	stdNumShortTZ                                  // "-07"    // always numeric
   154  	stdNumColonTZ                                  // "-07:00" // always numeric
   155  	stdNumColonSecondsTZ                           // "-07:00:00"
   156  	stdFracSecond0                                 // ".0", ".00", ... , trailing zeros included
   157  	stdFracSecond9                                 // ".9", ".99", ..., trailing zeros omitted
   158  
   159  	stdNeedDate       = 1 << 8             // need month, day, year
   160  	stdNeedClock      = 2 << 8             // need hour, minute, second
   161  	stdArgShift       = 16                 // extra argument in high bits, above low stdArgShift
   162  	stdSeparatorShift = 28                 // extra argument in high 4 bits for fractional second separators
   163  	stdMask           = 1<<stdArgShift - 1 // mask out argument
   164  )
   165  
   166  // std0x records the std values for "01", "02", ..., "06".
   167  var std0x = [...]int{stdZeroMonth, stdZeroDay, stdZeroHour12, stdZeroMinute, stdZeroSecond, stdYear}
   168  
   169  // startsWithLowerCase reports whether the string has a lower-case letter at the beginning.
   170  // Its purpose is to prevent matching strings like "Month" when looking for "Mon".
   171  func startsWithLowerCase(str string) bool {
   172  	if len(str) == 0 {
   173  		return false
   174  	}
   175  	c := str[0]
   176  	return 'a' <= c && c <= 'z'
   177  }
   178  
   179  // nextStdChunk finds the first occurrence of a std string in
   180  // layout and returns the text before, the std string, and the text after.
   181  func nextStdChunk(layout string) (prefix string, std int, suffix string) {
   182  	for i := 0; i < len(layout); i++ {
   183  		switch c := int(layout[i]); c {
   184  		case 'J': // January, Jan
   185  			if len(layout) >= i+3 && layout[i:i+3] == "Jan" {
   186  				if len(layout) >= i+7 && layout[i:i+7] == "January" {
   187  					return layout[0:i], stdLongMonth, layout[i+7:]
   188  				}
   189  				if !startsWithLowerCase(layout[i+3:]) {
   190  					return layout[0:i], stdMonth, layout[i+3:]
   191  				}
   192  			}
   193  
   194  		case 'M': // Monday, Mon, MST
   195  			if len(layout) >= i+3 {
   196  				if layout[i:i+3] == "Mon" {
   197  					if len(layout) >= i+6 && layout[i:i+6] == "Monday" {
   198  						return layout[0:i], stdLongWeekDay, layout[i+6:]
   199  					}
   200  					if !startsWithLowerCase(layout[i+3:]) {
   201  						return layout[0:i], stdWeekDay, layout[i+3:]
   202  					}
   203  				}
   204  				if layout[i:i+3] == "MST" {
   205  					return layout[0:i], stdTZ, layout[i+3:]
   206  				}
   207  			}
   208  
   209  		case '0': // 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 002
   210  			if len(layout) >= i+2 && '1' <= layout[i+1] && layout[i+1] <= '6' {
   211  				return layout[0:i], std0x[layout[i+1]-'1'], layout[i+2:]
   212  			}
   213  			if len(layout) >= i+3 && layout[i+1] == '0' && layout[i+2] == '2' {
   214  				return layout[0:i], stdZeroYearDay, layout[i+3:]
   215  			}
   216  
   217  		case '1': // 15, 1
   218  			if len(layout) >= i+2 && layout[i+1] == '5' {
   219  				return layout[0:i], stdHour, layout[i+2:]
   220  			}
   221  			return layout[0:i], stdNumMonth, layout[i+1:]
   222  
   223  		case '2': // 2006, 2
   224  			if len(layout) >= i+4 && layout[i:i+4] == "2006" {
   225  				return layout[0:i], stdLongYear, layout[i+4:]
   226  			}
   227  			return layout[0:i], stdDay, layout[i+1:]
   228  
   229  		case '_': // _2, _2006, __2
   230  			if len(layout) >= i+2 && layout[i+1] == '2' {
   231  				//_2006 is really a literal _, followed by stdLongYear
   232  				if len(layout) >= i+5 && layout[i+1:i+5] == "2006" {
   233  					return layout[0 : i+1], stdLongYear, layout[i+5:]
   234  				}
   235  				return layout[0:i], stdUnderDay, layout[i+2:]
   236  			}
   237  			if len(layout) >= i+3 && layout[i+1] == '_' && layout[i+2] == '2' {
   238  				return layout[0:i], stdUnderYearDay, layout[i+3:]
   239  			}
   240  
   241  		case '3':
   242  			return layout[0:i], stdHour12, layout[i+1:]
   243  
   244  		case '4':
   245  			return layout[0:i], stdMinute, layout[i+1:]
   246  
   247  		case '5':
   248  			return layout[0:i], stdSecond, layout[i+1:]
   249  
   250  		case 'P': // PM
   251  			if len(layout) >= i+2 && layout[i+1] == 'M' {
   252  				return layout[0:i], stdPM, layout[i+2:]
   253  			}
   254  
   255  		case 'p': // pm
   256  			if len(layout) >= i+2 && layout[i+1] == 'm' {
   257  				return layout[0:i], stdpm, layout[i+2:]
   258  			}
   259  
   260  		case '-': // -070000, -07:00:00, -0700, -07:00, -07
   261  			if len(layout) >= i+7 && layout[i:i+7] == "-070000" {
   262  				return layout[0:i], stdNumSecondsTz, layout[i+7:]
   263  			}
   264  			if len(layout) >= i+9 && layout[i:i+9] == "-07:00:00" {
   265  				return layout[0:i], stdNumColonSecondsTZ, layout[i+9:]
   266  			}
   267  			if len(layout) >= i+5 && layout[i:i+5] == "-0700" {
   268  				return layout[0:i], stdNumTZ, layout[i+5:]
   269  			}
   270  			if len(layout) >= i+6 && layout[i:i+6] == "-07:00" {
   271  				return layout[0:i], stdNumColonTZ, layout[i+6:]
   272  			}
   273  			if len(layout) >= i+3 && layout[i:i+3] == "-07" {
   274  				return layout[0:i], stdNumShortTZ, layout[i+3:]
   275  			}
   276  
   277  		case 'Z': // Z070000, Z07:00:00, Z0700, Z07:00,
   278  			if len(layout) >= i+7 && layout[i:i+7] == "Z070000" {
   279  				return layout[0:i], stdISO8601SecondsTZ, layout[i+7:]
   280  			}
   281  			if len(layout) >= i+9 && layout[i:i+9] == "Z07:00:00" {
   282  				return layout[0:i], stdISO8601ColonSecondsTZ, layout[i+9:]
   283  			}
   284  			if len(layout) >= i+5 && layout[i:i+5] == "Z0700" {
   285  				return layout[0:i], stdISO8601TZ, layout[i+5:]
   286  			}
   287  			if len(layout) >= i+6 && layout[i:i+6] == "Z07:00" {
   288  				return layout[0:i], stdISO8601ColonTZ, layout[i+6:]
   289  			}
   290  			if len(layout) >= i+3 && layout[i:i+3] == "Z07" {
   291  				return layout[0:i], stdISO8601ShortTZ, layout[i+3:]
   292  			}
   293  
   294  		case '.', ',': // ,000, or .000, or ,999, or .999 - repeated digits for fractional seconds.
   295  			if i+1 < len(layout) && (layout[i+1] == '0' || layout[i+1] == '9') {
   296  				ch := layout[i+1]
   297  				j := i + 1
   298  				for j < len(layout) && layout[j] == ch {
   299  					j++
   300  				}
   301  				// String of digits must end here - only fractional second is all digits.
   302  				if !isDigit(layout, j) {
   303  					code := stdFracSecond0
   304  					if layout[i+1] == '9' {
   305  						code = stdFracSecond9
   306  					}
   307  					std := stdFracSecond(code, j-(i+1), c)
   308  					return layout[0:i], std, layout[j:]
   309  				}
   310  			}
   311  		}
   312  	}
   313  	return layout, 0, ""
   314  }
   315  
   316  var longDayNames = []string{
   317  	"Sunday",
   318  	"Monday",
   319  	"Tuesday",
   320  	"Wednesday",
   321  	"Thursday",
   322  	"Friday",
   323  	"Saturday",
   324  }
   325  
   326  var shortDayNames = []string{
   327  	"Sun",
   328  	"Mon",
   329  	"Tue",
   330  	"Wed",
   331  	"Thu",
   332  	"Fri",
   333  	"Sat",
   334  }
   335  
   336  var shortMonthNames = []string{
   337  	"Jan",
   338  	"Feb",
   339  	"Mar",
   340  	"Apr",
   341  	"May",
   342  	"Jun",
   343  	"Jul",
   344  	"Aug",
   345  	"Sep",
   346  	"Oct",
   347  	"Nov",
   348  	"Dec",
   349  }
   350  
   351  var longMonthNames = []string{
   352  	"January",
   353  	"February",
   354  	"March",
   355  	"April",
   356  	"May",
   357  	"June",
   358  	"July",
   359  	"August",
   360  	"September",
   361  	"October",
   362  	"November",
   363  	"December",
   364  }
   365  
   366  // match reports whether s1 and s2 match ignoring case.
   367  // It is assumed s1 and s2 are the same length.
   368  func match(s1, s2 string) bool {
   369  	for i := 0; i < len(s1); i++ {
   370  		c1 := s1[i]
   371  		c2 := s2[i]
   372  		if c1 != c2 {
   373  			// Switch to lower-case; 'a'-'A' is known to be a single bit.
   374  			c1 |= 'a' - 'A'
   375  			c2 |= 'a' - 'A'
   376  			if c1 != c2 || c1 < 'a' || c1 > 'z' {
   377  				return false
   378  			}
   379  		}
   380  	}
   381  	return true
   382  }
   383  
   384  func lookup(tab []string, val string) (int, string, error) {
   385  	for i, v := range tab {
   386  		if len(val) >= len(v) && match(val[0:len(v)], v) {
   387  			return i, val[len(v):], nil
   388  		}
   389  	}
   390  	return -1, val, errBad
   391  }
   392  
   393  // appendInt appends the decimal form of x to b and returns the result.
   394  // If the decimal form (excluding sign) is shorter than width, the result is padded with leading 0's.
   395  // Duplicates functionality in strconv, but avoids dependency.
   396  func appendInt(b []byte, x int, width int) []byte {
   397  	u := uint(x)
   398  	if x < 0 {
   399  		b = append(b, '-')
   400  		u = uint(-x)
   401  	}
   402  
   403  	// Assemble decimal in reverse order.
   404  	var buf [20]byte
   405  	i := len(buf)
   406  	for u >= 10 {
   407  		i--
   408  		q := u / 10
   409  		buf[i] = byte('0' + u - q*10)
   410  		u = q
   411  	}
   412  	i--
   413  	buf[i] = byte('0' + u)
   414  
   415  	// Add 0-padding.
   416  	for w := len(buf) - i; w < width; w++ {
   417  		b = append(b, '0')
   418  	}
   419  
   420  	return append(b, buf[i:]...)
   421  }
   422  
   423  // Never printed, just needs to be non-nil for return by atoi.
   424  var atoiError = errors.New("time: invalid number")
   425  
   426  // Duplicates functionality in strconv, but avoids dependency.
   427  func atoi(s string) (x int, err error) {
   428  	neg := false
   429  	if s != "" && (s[0] == '-' || s[0] == '+') {
   430  		neg = s[0] == '-'
   431  		s = s[1:]
   432  	}
   433  	q, rem, err := leadingInt(s)
   434  	x = int(q)
   435  	if err != nil || rem != "" {
   436  		return 0, atoiError
   437  	}
   438  	if neg {
   439  		x = -x
   440  	}
   441  	return x, nil
   442  }
   443  
   444  // The "std" value passed to formatNano contains two packed fields: the number of
   445  // digits after the decimal and the separator character (period or comma).
   446  // These functions pack and unpack that variable.
   447  func stdFracSecond(code, n, c int) int {
   448  	// Use 0xfff to make the failure case even more absurd.
   449  	if c == '.' {
   450  		return code | ((n & 0xfff) << stdArgShift)
   451  	}
   452  	return code | ((n & 0xfff) << stdArgShift) | 1<<stdSeparatorShift
   453  }
   454  
   455  func digitsLen(std int) int {
   456  	return (std >> stdArgShift) & 0xfff
   457  }
   458  
   459  func separator(std int) byte {
   460  	if (std >> stdSeparatorShift) == 0 {
   461  		return '.'
   462  	}
   463  	return ','
   464  }
   465  
   466  // formatNano appends a fractional second, as nanoseconds, to b
   467  // and returns the result.
   468  func formatNano(b []byte, nanosec uint, std int) []byte {
   469  	var (
   470  		n         = digitsLen(std)
   471  		separator = separator(std)
   472  		trim      = std&stdMask == stdFracSecond9
   473  	)
   474  	u := nanosec
   475  	var buf [9]byte
   476  	for start := len(buf); start > 0; {
   477  		start--
   478  		buf[start] = byte(u%10 + '0')
   479  		u /= 10
   480  	}
   481  
   482  	if n > 9 {
   483  		n = 9
   484  	}
   485  	if trim {
   486  		for n > 0 && buf[n-1] == '0' {
   487  			n--
   488  		}
   489  		if n == 0 {
   490  			return b
   491  		}
   492  	}
   493  	b = append(b, separator)
   494  	return append(b, buf[:n]...)
   495  }
   496  
   497  // String returns the time formatted using the format string
   498  //
   499  //	"2006-01-02 15:04:05.999999999 -0700 MST"
   500  //
   501  // If the time has a monotonic clock reading, the returned string
   502  // includes a final field "m=±<value>", where value is the monotonic
   503  // clock reading formatted as a decimal number of seconds.
   504  //
   505  // The returned string is meant for debugging; for a stable serialized
   506  // representation, use t.MarshalText, t.MarshalBinary, or t.Format
   507  // with an explicit format string.
   508  func (t Time) String() string {
   509  	s := t.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05.999999999 -0700 MST")
   510  
   511  	// Format monotonic clock reading as m=±ddd.nnnnnnnnn.
   512  	if t.wall&hasMonotonic != 0 {
   513  		m2 := uint64(t.ext)
   514  		sign := byte('+')
   515  		if t.ext < 0 {
   516  			sign = '-'
   517  			m2 = -m2
   518  		}
   519  		m1, m2 := m2/1e9, m2%1e9
   520  		m0, m1 := m1/1e9, m1%1e9
   521  		buf := make([]byte, 0, 24)
   522  		buf = append(buf, " m="...)
   523  		buf = append(buf, sign)
   524  		wid := 0
   525  		if m0 != 0 {
   526  			buf = appendInt(buf, int(m0), 0)
   527  			wid = 9
   528  		}
   529  		buf = appendInt(buf, int(m1), wid)
   530  		buf = append(buf, '.')
   531  		buf = appendInt(buf, int(m2), 9)
   532  		s += string(buf)
   533  	}
   534  	return s
   535  }
   536  
   537  // GoString implements fmt.GoStringer and formats t to be printed in Go source
   538  // code.
   539  func (t Time) GoString() string {
   540  	buf := make([]byte, 0, 70)
   541  	buf = append(buf, "time.Date("...)
   542  	buf = appendInt(buf, t.Year(), 0)
   543  	month := t.Month()
   544  	if January <= month && month <= December {
   545  		buf = append(buf, ", time."...)
   546  		buf = append(buf, t.Month().String()...)
   547  	} else {
   548  		// It's difficult to construct a time.Time with a date outside the
   549  		// standard range but we might as well try to handle the case.
   550  		buf = appendInt(buf, int(month), 0)
   551  	}
   552  	buf = append(buf, ", "...)
   553  	buf = appendInt(buf, t.Day(), 0)
   554  	buf = append(buf, ", "...)
   555  	buf = appendInt(buf, t.Hour(), 0)
   556  	buf = append(buf, ", "...)
   557  	buf = appendInt(buf, t.Minute(), 0)
   558  	buf = append(buf, ", "...)
   559  	buf = appendInt(buf, t.Second(), 0)
   560  	buf = append(buf, ", "...)
   561  	buf = appendInt(buf, t.Nanosecond(), 0)
   562  	buf = append(buf, ", "...)
   563  	switch loc := t.Location(); loc {
   564  	case UTC, nil:
   565  		buf = append(buf, "time.UTC"...)
   566  	case Local:
   567  		buf = append(buf, "time.Local"...)
   568  	default:
   569  		// there are several options for how we could display this, none of
   570  		// which are great:
   571  		//
   572  		// - use Location(loc.name), which is not technically valid syntax
   573  		// - use LoadLocation(loc.name), which will cause a syntax error when
   574  		// embedded and also would require us to escape the string without
   575  		// importing fmt or strconv
   576  		// - try to use FixedZone, which would also require escaping the name
   577  		// and would represent e.g. "America/Los_Angeles" daylight saving time
   578  		// shifts inaccurately
   579  		// - use the pointer format, which is no worse than you'd get with the
   580  		// old fmt.Sprintf("%#v", t) format.
   581  		//
   582  		// Of these, Location(loc.name) is the least disruptive. This is an edge
   583  		// case we hope not to hit too often.
   584  		buf = append(buf, `time.Location(`...)
   585  		buf = append(buf, []byte(quote(loc.name))...)
   586  		buf = append(buf, `)`...)
   587  	}
   588  	buf = append(buf, ')')
   589  	return string(buf)
   590  }
   591  
   592  // Format returns a textual representation of the time value formatted according
   593  // to the layout defined by the argument. See the documentation for the
   594  // constant called Layout to see how to represent the layout format.
   595  //
   596  // The executable example for Time.Format demonstrates the working
   597  // of the layout string in detail and is a good reference.
   598  func (t Time) Format(layout string) string {
   599  	const bufSize = 64
   600  	var b []byte
   601  	max := len(layout) + 10
   602  	if max < bufSize {
   603  		var buf [bufSize]byte
   604  		b = buf[:0]
   605  	} else {
   606  		b = make([]byte, 0, max)
   607  	}
   608  	b = t.AppendFormat(b, layout)
   609  	return string(b)
   610  }
   611  
   612  // AppendFormat is like Format but appends the textual
   613  // representation to b and returns the extended buffer.
   614  func (t Time) AppendFormat(b []byte, layout string) []byte {
   615  	var (
   616  		name, offset, abs = t.locabs()
   617  
   618  		year  int = -1
   619  		month Month
   620  		day   int
   621  		yday  int
   622  		hour  int = -1
   623  		min   int
   624  		sec   int
   625  	)
   626  	// Each iteration generates one std value.
   627  	for layout != "" {
   628  		prefix, std, suffix := nextStdChunk(layout)
   629  		if prefix != "" {
   630  			b = append(b, prefix...)
   631  		}
   632  		if std == 0 {
   633  			break
   634  		}
   635  		layout = suffix
   636  
   637  		// Compute year, month, day if needed.
   638  		if year < 0 && std&stdNeedDate != 0 {
   639  			year, month, day, yday = absDate(abs, true)
   640  			yday++
   641  		}
   642  
   643  		// Compute hour, minute, second if needed.
   644  		if hour < 0 && std&stdNeedClock != 0 {
   645  			hour, min, sec = absClock(abs)
   646  		}
   647  
   648  		switch std & stdMask {
   649  		case stdYear:
   650  			y := year
   651  			if y < 0 {
   652  				y = -y
   653  			}
   654  			b = appendInt(b, y%100, 2)
   655  		case stdLongYear:
   656  			b = appendInt(b, year, 4)
   657  		case stdMonth:
   658  			b = append(b, month.String()[:3]...)
   659  		case stdLongMonth:
   660  			m := month.String()
   661  			b = append(b, m...)
   662  		case stdNumMonth:
   663  			b = appendInt(b, int(month), 0)
   664  		case stdZeroMonth:
   665  			b = appendInt(b, int(month), 2)
   666  		case stdWeekDay:
   667  			b = append(b, absWeekday(abs).String()[:3]...)
   668  		case stdLongWeekDay:
   669  			s := absWeekday(abs).String()
   670  			b = append(b, s...)
   671  		case stdDay:
   672  			b = appendInt(b, day, 0)
   673  		case stdUnderDay:
   674  			if day < 10 {
   675  				b = append(b, ' ')
   676  			}
   677  			b = appendInt(b, day, 0)
   678  		case stdZeroDay:
   679  			b = appendInt(b, day, 2)
   680  		case stdUnderYearDay:
   681  			if yday < 100 {
   682  				b = append(b, ' ')
   683  				if yday < 10 {
   684  					b = append(b, ' ')
   685  				}
   686  			}
   687  			b = appendInt(b, yday, 0)
   688  		case stdZeroYearDay:
   689  			b = appendInt(b, yday, 3)
   690  		case stdHour:
   691  			b = appendInt(b, hour, 2)
   692  		case stdHour12:
   693  			// Noon is 12PM, midnight is 12AM.
   694  			hr := hour % 12
   695  			if hr == 0 {
   696  				hr = 12
   697  			}
   698  			b = appendInt(b, hr, 0)
   699  		case stdZeroHour12:
   700  			// Noon is 12PM, midnight is 12AM.
   701  			hr := hour % 12
   702  			if hr == 0 {
   703  				hr = 12
   704  			}
   705  			b = appendInt(b, hr, 2)
   706  		case stdMinute:
   707  			b = appendInt(b, min, 0)
   708  		case stdZeroMinute:
   709  			b = appendInt(b, min, 2)
   710  		case stdSecond:
   711  			b = appendInt(b, sec, 0)
   712  		case stdZeroSecond:
   713  			b = appendInt(b, sec, 2)
   714  		case stdPM:
   715  			if hour >= 12 {
   716  				b = append(b, "PM"...)
   717  			} else {
   718  				b = append(b, "AM"...)
   719  			}
   720  		case stdpm:
   721  			if hour >= 12 {
   722  				b = append(b, "pm"...)
   723  			} else {
   724  				b = append(b, "am"...)
   725  			}
   726  		case stdISO8601TZ, stdISO8601ColonTZ, stdISO8601SecondsTZ, stdISO8601ShortTZ, stdISO8601ColonSecondsTZ, stdNumTZ, stdNumColonTZ, stdNumSecondsTz, stdNumShortTZ, stdNumColonSecondsTZ:
   727  			// Ugly special case. We cheat and take the "Z" variants
   728  			// to mean "the time zone as formatted for ISO 8601".
   729  			if offset == 0 && (std == stdISO8601TZ || std == stdISO8601ColonTZ || std == stdISO8601SecondsTZ || std == stdISO8601ShortTZ || std == stdISO8601ColonSecondsTZ) {
   730  				b = append(b, 'Z')
   731  				break
   732  			}
   733  			zone := offset / 60 // convert to minutes
   734  			absoffset := offset
   735  			if zone < 0 {
   736  				b = append(b, '-')
   737  				zone = -zone
   738  				absoffset = -absoffset
   739  			} else {
   740  				b = append(b, '+')
   741  			}
   742  			b = appendInt(b, zone/60, 2)
   743  			if std == stdISO8601ColonTZ || std == stdNumColonTZ || std == stdISO8601ColonSecondsTZ || std == stdNumColonSecondsTZ {
   744  				b = append(b, ':')
   745  			}
   746  			if std != stdNumShortTZ && std != stdISO8601ShortTZ {
   747  				b = appendInt(b, zone%60, 2)
   748  			}
   749  
   750  			// append seconds if appropriate
   751  			if std == stdISO8601SecondsTZ || std == stdNumSecondsTz || std == stdNumColonSecondsTZ || std == stdISO8601ColonSecondsTZ {
   752  				if std == stdNumColonSecondsTZ || std == stdISO8601ColonSecondsTZ {
   753  					b = append(b, ':')
   754  				}
   755  				b = appendInt(b, absoffset%60, 2)
   756  			}
   757  
   758  		case stdTZ:
   759  			if name != "" {
   760  				b = append(b, name...)
   761  				break
   762  			}
   763  			// No time zone known for this time, but we must print one.
   764  			// Use the -0700 format.
   765  			zone := offset / 60 // convert to minutes
   766  			if zone < 0 {
   767  				b = append(b, '-')
   768  				zone = -zone
   769  			} else {
   770  				b = append(b, '+')
   771  			}
   772  			b = appendInt(b, zone/60, 2)
   773  			b = appendInt(b, zone%60, 2)
   774  		case stdFracSecond0, stdFracSecond9:
   775  			b = formatNano(b, uint(t.Nanosecond()), std)
   776  		}
   777  	}
   778  	return b
   779  }
   780  
   781  var errBad = errors.New("bad value for field") // placeholder not passed to user
   782  
   783  // ParseError describes a problem parsing a time string.
   784  type ParseError struct {
   785  	Layout     string
   786  	Value      string
   787  	LayoutElem string
   788  	ValueElem  string
   789  	Message    string
   790  }
   791  
   792  // These are borrowed from unicode/utf8 and strconv and replicate behavior in
   793  // that package, since we can't take a dependency on either.
   794  const (
   795  	lowerhex  = "0123456789abcdef"
   796  	runeSelf  = 0x80
   797  	runeError = '\uFFFD'
   798  )
   799  
   800  func quote(s string) string {
   801  	buf := make([]byte, 1, len(s)+2) // slice will be at least len(s) + quotes
   802  	buf[0] = '"'
   803  	for i, c := range s {
   804  		if c >= runeSelf || c < ' ' {
   805  			// This means you are asking us to parse a time.Duration or
   806  			// time.Location with unprintable or non-ASCII characters in it.
   807  			// We don't expect to hit this case very often. We could try to
   808  			// reproduce strconv.Quote's behavior with full fidelity but
   809  			// given how rarely we expect to hit these edge cases, speed and
   810  			// conciseness are better.
   811  			var width int
   812  			if c == runeError {
   813  				width = 1
   814  				if i+2 < len(s) && s[i:i+3] == string(runeError) {
   815  					width = 3
   816  				}
   817  			} else {
   818  				width = len(string(c))
   819  			}
   820  			for j := 0; j < width; j++ {
   821  				buf = append(buf, `\x`...)
   822  				buf = append(buf, lowerhex[s[i+j]>>4])
   823  				buf = append(buf, lowerhex[s[i+j]&0xF])
   824  			}
   825  		} else {
   826  			if c == '"' || c == '\\' {
   827  				buf = append(buf, '\\')
   828  			}
   829  			buf = append(buf, string(c)...)
   830  		}
   831  	}
   832  	buf = append(buf, '"')
   833  	return string(buf)
   834  }
   835  
   836  // Error returns the string representation of a ParseError.
   837  func (e *ParseError) Error() string {
   838  	if e.Message == "" {
   839  		return "parsing time " +
   840  			quote(e.Value) + " as " +
   841  			quote(e.Layout) + ": cannot parse " +
   842  			quote(e.ValueElem) + " as " +
   843  			quote(e.LayoutElem)
   844  	}
   845  	return "parsing time " +
   846  		quote(e.Value) + e.Message
   847  }
   848  
   849  // isDigit reports whether s[i] is in range and is a decimal digit.
   850  func isDigit(s string, i int) bool {
   851  	if len(s) <= i {
   852  		return false
   853  	}
   854  	c := s[i]
   855  	return '0' <= c && c <= '9'
   856  }
   857  
   858  // getnum parses s[0:1] or s[0:2] (fixed forces s[0:2])
   859  // as a decimal integer and returns the integer and the
   860  // remainder of the string.
   861  func getnum(s string, fixed bool) (int, string, error) {
   862  	if !isDigit(s, 0) {
   863  		return 0, s, errBad
   864  	}
   865  	if !isDigit(s, 1) {
   866  		if fixed {
   867  			return 0, s, errBad
   868  		}
   869  		return int(s[0] - '0'), s[1:], nil
   870  	}
   871  	return int(s[0]-'0')*10 + int(s[1]-'0'), s[2:], nil
   872  }
   873  
   874  // getnum3 parses s[0:1], s[0:2], or s[0:3] (fixed forces s[0:3])
   875  // as a decimal integer and returns the integer and the remainder
   876  // of the string.
   877  func getnum3(s string, fixed bool) (int, string, error) {
   878  	var n, i int
   879  	for i = 0; i < 3 && isDigit(s, i); i++ {
   880  		n = n*10 + int(s[i]-'0')
   881  	}
   882  	if i == 0 || fixed && i != 3 {
   883  		return 0, s, errBad
   884  	}
   885  	return n, s[i:], nil
   886  }
   887  
   888  func cutspace(s string) string {
   889  	for len(s) > 0 && s[0] == ' ' {
   890  		s = s[1:]
   891  	}
   892  	return s
   893  }
   894  
   895  // skip removes the given prefix from value,
   896  // treating runs of space characters as equivalent.
   897  func skip(value, prefix string) (string, error) {
   898  	for len(prefix) > 0 {
   899  		if prefix[0] == ' ' {
   900  			if len(value) > 0 && value[0] != ' ' {
   901  				return value, errBad
   902  			}
   903  			prefix = cutspace(prefix)
   904  			value = cutspace(value)
   905  			continue
   906  		}
   907  		if len(value) == 0 || value[0] != prefix[0] {
   908  			return value, errBad
   909  		}
   910  		prefix = prefix[1:]
   911  		value = value[1:]
   912  	}
   913  	return value, nil
   914  }
   915  
   916  // Parse parses a formatted string and returns the time value it represents.
   917  // See the documentation for the constant called Layout to see how to
   918  // represent the format. The second argument must be parseable using
   919  // the format string (layout) provided as the first argument.
   920  //
   921  // The example for Time.Format demonstrates the working of the layout string
   922  // in detail and is a good reference.
   923  //
   924  // When parsing (only), the input may contain a fractional second
   925  // field immediately after the seconds field, even if the layout does not
   926  // signify its presence. In that case either a comma or a decimal point
   927  // followed by a maximal series of digits is parsed as a fractional second.
   928  // Fractional seconds are truncated to nanosecond precision.
   929  //
   930  // Elements omitted from the layout are assumed to be zero or, when
   931  // zero is impossible, one, so parsing "3:04pm" returns the time
   932  // corresponding to Jan 1, year 0, 15:04:00 UTC (note that because the year is
   933  // 0, this time is before the zero Time).
   934  // Years must be in the range 0000..9999. The day of the week is checked
   935  // for syntax but it is otherwise ignored.
   936  //
   937  // For layouts specifying the two-digit year 06, a value NN >= 69 will be treated
   938  // as 19NN and a value NN < 69 will be treated as 20NN.
   939  //
   940  // The remainder of this comment describes the handling of time zones.
   941  //
   942  // In the absence of a time zone indicator, Parse returns a time in UTC.
   943  //
   944  // When parsing a time with a zone offset like -0700, if the offset corresponds
   945  // to a time zone used by the current location (Local), then Parse uses that
   946  // location and zone in the returned time. Otherwise it records the time as
   947  // being in a fabricated location with time fixed at the given zone offset.
   948  //
   949  // When parsing a time with a zone abbreviation like MST, if the zone abbreviation
   950  // has a defined offset in the current location, then that offset is used.
   951  // The zone abbreviation "UTC" is recognized as UTC regardless of location.
   952  // If the zone abbreviation is unknown, Parse records the time as being
   953  // in a fabricated location with the given zone abbreviation and a zero offset.
   954  // This choice means that such a time can be parsed and reformatted with the
   955  // same layout losslessly, but the exact instant used in the representation will
   956  // differ by the actual zone offset. To avoid such problems, prefer time layouts
   957  // that use a numeric zone offset, or use ParseInLocation.
   958  func Parse(layout, value string) (Time, error) {
   959  	return parse(layout, value, UTC, Local)
   960  }
   961  
   962  // ParseInLocation is like Parse but differs in two important ways.
   963  // First, in the absence of time zone information, Parse interprets a time as UTC;
   964  // ParseInLocation interprets the time as in the given location.
   965  // Second, when given a zone offset or abbreviation, Parse tries to match it
   966  // against the Local location; ParseInLocation uses the given location.
   967  func ParseInLocation(layout, value string, loc *Location) (Time, error) {
   968  	return parse(layout, value, loc, loc)
   969  }
   970  
   971  func parse(layout, value string, defaultLocation, local *Location) (Time, error) {
   972  	alayout, avalue := layout, value
   973  	rangeErrString := "" // set if a value is out of range
   974  	amSet := false       // do we need to subtract 12 from the hour for midnight?
   975  	pmSet := false       // do we need to add 12 to the hour?
   976  
   977  	// Time being constructed.
   978  	var (
   979  		year       int
   980  		month      int = -1
   981  		day        int = -1
   982  		yday       int = -1
   983  		hour       int
   984  		min        int
   985  		sec        int
   986  		nsec       int
   987  		z          *Location
   988  		zoneOffset int = -1
   989  		zoneName   string
   990  	)
   991  
   992  	// Each iteration processes one std value.
   993  	for {
   994  		var err error
   995  		prefix, std, suffix := nextStdChunk(layout)
   996  		stdstr := layout[len(prefix) : len(layout)-len(suffix)]
   997  		value, err = skip(value, prefix)
   998  		if err != nil {
   999  			return Time{}, &ParseError{alayout, avalue, prefix, value, ""}
  1000  		}
  1001  		if std == 0 {
  1002  			if len(value) != 0 {
  1003  				return Time{}, &ParseError{alayout, avalue, "", value, ": extra text: " + quote(value)}
  1004  			}
  1005  			break
  1006  		}
  1007  		layout = suffix
  1008  		var p string
  1009  		switch std & stdMask {
  1010  		case stdYear:
  1011  			if len(value) < 2 {
  1012  				err = errBad
  1013  				break
  1014  			}
  1015  			hold := value
  1016  			p, value = value[0:2], value[2:]
  1017  			year, err = atoi(p)
  1018  			if err != nil {
  1019  				value = hold
  1020  			} else if year >= 69 { // Unix time starts Dec 31 1969 in some time zones
  1021  				year += 1900
  1022  			} else {
  1023  				year += 2000
  1024  			}
  1025  		case stdLongYear:
  1026  			if len(value) < 4 || !isDigit(value, 0) {
  1027  				err = errBad
  1028  				break
  1029  			}
  1030  			p, value = value[0:4], value[4:]
  1031  			year, err = atoi(p)
  1032  		case stdMonth:
  1033  			month, value, err = lookup(shortMonthNames, value)
  1034  			month++
  1035  		case stdLongMonth:
  1036  			month, value, err = lookup(longMonthNames, value)
  1037  			month++
  1038  		case stdNumMonth, stdZeroMonth:
  1039  			month, value, err = getnum(value, std == stdZeroMonth)
  1040  			if err == nil && (month <= 0 || 12 < month) {
  1041  				rangeErrString = "month"
  1042  			}
  1043  		case stdWeekDay:
  1044  			// Ignore weekday except for error checking.
  1045  			_, value, err = lookup(shortDayNames, value)
  1046  		case stdLongWeekDay:
  1047  			_, value, err = lookup(longDayNames, value)
  1048  		case stdDay, stdUnderDay, stdZeroDay:
  1049  			if std == stdUnderDay && len(value) > 0 && value[0] == ' ' {
  1050  				value = value[1:]
  1051  			}
  1052  			day, value, err = getnum(value, std == stdZeroDay)
  1053  			// Note that we allow any one- or two-digit day here.
  1054  			// The month, day, year combination is validated after we've completed parsing.
  1055  		case stdUnderYearDay, stdZeroYearDay:
  1056  			for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
  1057  				if std == stdUnderYearDay && len(value) > 0 && value[0] == ' ' {
  1058  					value = value[1:]
  1059  				}
  1060  			}
  1061  			yday, value, err = getnum3(value, std == stdZeroYearDay)
  1062  			// Note that we allow any one-, two-, or three-digit year-day here.
  1063  			// The year-day, year combination is validated after we've completed parsing.
  1064  		case stdHour:
  1065  			hour, value, err = getnum(value, false)
  1066  			if hour < 0 || 24 <= hour {
  1067  				rangeErrString = "hour"
  1068  			}
  1069  		case stdHour12, stdZeroHour12:
  1070  			hour, value, err = getnum(value, std == stdZeroHour12)
  1071  			if hour < 0 || 12 < hour {
  1072  				rangeErrString = "hour"
  1073  			}
  1074  		case stdMinute, stdZeroMinute:
  1075  			min, value, err = getnum(value, std == stdZeroMinute)
  1076  			if min < 0 || 60 <= min {
  1077  				rangeErrString = "minute"
  1078  			}
  1079  		case stdSecond, stdZeroSecond:
  1080  			sec, value, err = getnum(value, std == stdZeroSecond)
  1081  			if sec < 0 || 60 <= sec {
  1082  				rangeErrString = "second"
  1083  				break
  1084  			}
  1085  			// Special case: do we have a fractional second but no
  1086  			// fractional second in the format?
  1087  			if len(value) >= 2 && commaOrPeriod(value[0]) && isDigit(value, 1) {
  1088  				_, std, _ = nextStdChunk(layout)
  1089  				std &= stdMask
  1090  				if std == stdFracSecond0 || std == stdFracSecond9 {
  1091  					// Fractional second in the layout; proceed normally
  1092  					break
  1093  				}
  1094  				// No fractional second in the layout but we have one in the input.
  1095  				n := 2
  1096  				for ; n < len(value) && isDigit(value, n); n++ {
  1097  				}
  1098  				nsec, rangeErrString, err = parseNanoseconds(value, n)
  1099  				value = value[n:]
  1100  			}
  1101  		case stdPM:
  1102  			if len(value) < 2 {
  1103  				err = errBad
  1104  				break
  1105  			}
  1106  			p, value = value[0:2], value[2:]
  1107  			switch p {
  1108  			case "PM":
  1109  				pmSet = true
  1110  			case "AM":
  1111  				amSet = true
  1112  			default:
  1113  				err = errBad
  1114  			}
  1115  		case stdpm:
  1116  			if len(value) < 2 {
  1117  				err = errBad
  1118  				break
  1119  			}
  1120  			p, value = value[0:2], value[2:]
  1121  			switch p {
  1122  			case "pm":
  1123  				pmSet = true
  1124  			case "am":
  1125  				amSet = true
  1126  			default:
  1127  				err = errBad
  1128  			}
  1129  		case stdISO8601TZ, stdISO8601ColonTZ, stdISO8601SecondsTZ, stdISO8601ShortTZ, stdISO8601ColonSecondsTZ, stdNumTZ, stdNumShortTZ, stdNumColonTZ, stdNumSecondsTz, stdNumColonSecondsTZ:
  1130  			if (std == stdISO8601TZ || std == stdISO8601ShortTZ || std == stdISO8601ColonTZ) && len(value) >= 1 && value[0] == 'Z' {
  1131  				value = value[1:]
  1132  				z = UTC
  1133  				break
  1134  			}
  1135  			var sign, hour, min, seconds string
  1136  			if std == stdISO8601ColonTZ || std == stdNumColonTZ {
  1137  				if len(value) < 6 {
  1138  					err = errBad
  1139  					break
  1140  				}
  1141  				if value[3] != ':' {
  1142  					err = errBad
  1143  					break
  1144  				}
  1145  				sign, hour, min, seconds, value = value[0:1], value[1:3], value[4:6], "00", value[6:]
  1146  			} else if std == stdNumShortTZ || std == stdISO8601ShortTZ {
  1147  				if len(value) < 3 {
  1148  					err = errBad
  1149  					break
  1150  				}
  1151  				sign, hour, min, seconds, value = value[0:1], value[1:3], "00", "00", value[3:]
  1152  			} else if std == stdISO8601ColonSecondsTZ || std == stdNumColonSecondsTZ {
  1153  				if len(value) < 9 {
  1154  					err = errBad
  1155  					break
  1156  				}
  1157  				if value[3] != ':' || value[6] != ':' {
  1158  					err = errBad
  1159  					break
  1160  				}
  1161  				sign, hour, min, seconds, value = value[0:1], value[1:3], value[4:6], value[7:9], value[9:]
  1162  			} else if std == stdISO8601SecondsTZ || std == stdNumSecondsTz {
  1163  				if len(value) < 7 {
  1164  					err = errBad
  1165  					break
  1166  				}
  1167  				sign, hour, min, seconds, value = value[0:1], value[1:3], value[3:5], value[5:7], value[7:]
  1168  			} else {
  1169  				if len(value) < 5 {
  1170  					err = errBad
  1171  					break
  1172  				}
  1173  				sign, hour, min, seconds, value = value[0:1], value[1:3], value[3:5], "00", value[5:]
  1174  			}
  1175  			var hr, mm, ss int
  1176  			hr, err = atoi(hour)
  1177  			if err == nil {
  1178  				mm, err = atoi(min)
  1179  			}
  1180  			if err == nil {
  1181  				ss, err = atoi(seconds)
  1182  			}
  1183  			zoneOffset = (hr*60+mm)*60 + ss // offset is in seconds
  1184  			switch sign[0] {
  1185  			case '+':
  1186  			case '-':
  1187  				zoneOffset = -zoneOffset
  1188  			default:
  1189  				err = errBad
  1190  			}
  1191  		case stdTZ:
  1192  			// Does it look like a time zone?
  1193  			if len(value) >= 3 && value[0:3] == "UTC" {
  1194  				z = UTC
  1195  				value = value[3:]
  1196  				break
  1197  			}
  1198  			n, ok := parseTimeZone(value)
  1199  			if !ok {
  1200  				err = errBad
  1201  				break
  1202  			}
  1203  			zoneName, value = value[:n], value[n:]
  1204  
  1205  		case stdFracSecond0:
  1206  			// stdFracSecond0 requires the exact number of digits as specified in
  1207  			// the layout.
  1208  			ndigit := 1 + digitsLen(std)
  1209  			if len(value) < ndigit {
  1210  				err = errBad
  1211  				break
  1212  			}
  1213  			nsec, rangeErrString, err = parseNanoseconds(value, ndigit)
  1214  			value = value[ndigit:]
  1215  
  1216  		case stdFracSecond9:
  1217  			if len(value) < 2 || !commaOrPeriod(value[0]) || value[1] < '0' || '9' < value[1] {
  1218  				// Fractional second omitted.
  1219  				break
  1220  			}
  1221  			// Take any number of digits, even more than asked for,
  1222  			// because it is what the stdSecond case would do.
  1223  			i := 0
  1224  			for i < 9 && i+1 < len(value) && '0' <= value[i+1] && value[i+1] <= '9' {
  1225  				i++
  1226  			}
  1227  			nsec, rangeErrString, err = parseNanoseconds(value, 1+i)
  1228  			value = value[1+i:]
  1229  		}
  1230  		if rangeErrString != "" {
  1231  			return Time{}, &ParseError{alayout, avalue, stdstr, value, ": " + rangeErrString + " out of range"}
  1232  		}
  1233  		if err != nil {
  1234  			return Time{}, &ParseError{alayout, avalue, stdstr, value, ""}
  1235  		}
  1236  	}
  1237  	if pmSet && hour < 12 {
  1238  		hour += 12
  1239  	} else if amSet && hour == 12 {
  1240  		hour = 0
  1241  	}
  1242  
  1243  	// Convert yday to day, month.
  1244  	if yday >= 0 {
  1245  		var d int
  1246  		var m int
  1247  		if isLeap(year) {
  1248  			if yday == 31+29 {
  1249  				m = int(February)
  1250  				d = 29
  1251  			} else if yday > 31+29 {
  1252  				yday--
  1253  			}
  1254  		}
  1255  		if yday < 1 || yday > 365 {
  1256  			return Time{}, &ParseError{alayout, avalue, "", value, ": day-of-year out of range"}
  1257  		}
  1258  		if m == 0 {
  1259  			m = (yday-1)/31 + 1
  1260  			if int(daysBefore[m]) < yday {
  1261  				m++
  1262  			}
  1263  			d = yday - int(daysBefore[m-1])
  1264  		}
  1265  		// If month, day already seen, yday's m, d must match.
  1266  		// Otherwise, set them from m, d.
  1267  		if month >= 0 && month != m {
  1268  			return Time{}, &ParseError{alayout, avalue, "", value, ": day-of-year does not match month"}
  1269  		}
  1270  		month = m
  1271  		if day >= 0 && day != d {
  1272  			return Time{}, &ParseError{alayout, avalue, "", value, ": day-of-year does not match day"}
  1273  		}
  1274  		day = d
  1275  	} else {
  1276  		if month < 0 {
  1277  			month = int(January)
  1278  		}
  1279  		if day < 0 {
  1280  			day = 1
  1281  		}
  1282  	}
  1283  
  1284  	// Validate the day of the month.
  1285  	if day < 1 || day > daysIn(Month(month), year) {
  1286  		return Time{}, &ParseError{alayout, avalue, "", value, ": day out of range"}
  1287  	}
  1288  
  1289  	if z != nil {
  1290  		return Date(year, Month(month), day, hour, min, sec, nsec, z), nil
  1291  	}
  1292  
  1293  	if zoneOffset != -1 {
  1294  		t := Date(year, Month(month), day, hour, min, sec, nsec, UTC)
  1295  		t.addSec(-int64(zoneOffset))
  1296  
  1297  		// Look for local zone with the given offset.
  1298  		// If that zone was in effect at the given time, use it.
  1299  		name, offset, _, _, _ := local.lookup(t.unixSec())
  1300  		if offset == zoneOffset && (zoneName == "" || name == zoneName) {
  1301  			t.setLoc(local)
  1302  			return t, nil
  1303  		}
  1304  
  1305  		// Otherwise create fake zone to record offset.
  1306  		t.setLoc(FixedZone(zoneName, zoneOffset))
  1307  		return t, nil
  1308  	}
  1309  
  1310  	if zoneName != "" {
  1311  		t := Date(year, Month(month), day, hour, min, sec, nsec, UTC)
  1312  		// Look for local zone with the given offset.
  1313  		// If that zone was in effect at the given time, use it.
  1314  		offset, ok := local.lookupName(zoneName, t.unixSec())
  1315  		if ok {
  1316  			t.addSec(-int64(offset))
  1317  			t.setLoc(local)
  1318  			return t, nil
  1319  		}
  1320  
  1321  		// Otherwise, create fake zone with unknown offset.
  1322  		if len(zoneName) > 3 && zoneName[:3] == "GMT" {
  1323  			offset, _ = atoi(zoneName[3:]) // Guaranteed OK by parseGMT.
  1324  			offset *= 3600
  1325  		}
  1326  		t.setLoc(FixedZone(zoneName, offset))
  1327  		return t, nil
  1328  	}
  1329  
  1330  	// Otherwise, fall back to default.
  1331  	return Date(year, Month(month), day, hour, min, sec, nsec, defaultLocation), nil
  1332  }
  1333  
  1334  // parseTimeZone parses a time zone string and returns its length. Time zones
  1335  // are human-generated and unpredictable. We can't do precise error checking.
  1336  // On the other hand, for a correct parse there must be a time zone at the
  1337  // beginning of the string, so it's almost always true that there's one
  1338  // there. We look at the beginning of the string for a run of upper-case letters.
  1339  // If there are more than 5, it's an error.
  1340  // If there are 4 or 5 and the last is a T, it's a time zone.
  1341  // If there are 3, it's a time zone.
  1342  // Otherwise, other than special cases, it's not a time zone.
  1343  // GMT is special because it can have an hour offset.
  1344  func parseTimeZone(value string) (length int, ok bool) {
  1345  	if len(value) < 3 {
  1346  		return 0, false
  1347  	}
  1348  	// Special case 1: ChST and MeST are the only zones with a lower-case letter.
  1349  	if len(value) >= 4 && (value[:4] == "ChST" || value[:4] == "MeST") {
  1350  		return 4, true
  1351  	}
  1352  	// Special case 2: GMT may have an hour offset; treat it specially.
  1353  	if value[:3] == "GMT" {
  1354  		length = parseGMT(value)
  1355  		return length, true
  1356  	}
  1357  	// Special Case 3: Some time zones are not named, but have +/-00 format
  1358  	if value[0] == '+' || value[0] == '-' {
  1359  		length = parseSignedOffset(value)
  1360  		ok := length > 0 // parseSignedOffset returns 0 in case of bad input
  1361  		return length, ok
  1362  	}
  1363  	// How many upper-case letters are there? Need at least three, at most five.
  1364  	var nUpper int
  1365  	for nUpper = 0; nUpper < 6; nUpper++ {
  1366  		if nUpper >= len(value) {
  1367  			break
  1368  		}
  1369  		if c := value[nUpper]; c < 'A' || 'Z' < c {
  1370  			break
  1371  		}
  1372  	}
  1373  	switch nUpper {
  1374  	case 0, 1, 2, 6:
  1375  		return 0, false
  1376  	case 5: // Must end in T to match.
  1377  		if value[4] == 'T' {
  1378  			return 5, true
  1379  		}
  1380  	case 4:
  1381  		// Must end in T, except one special case.
  1382  		if value[3] == 'T' || value[:4] == "WITA" {
  1383  			return 4, true
  1384  		}
  1385  	case 3:
  1386  		return 3, true
  1387  	}
  1388  	return 0, false
  1389  }
  1390  
  1391  // parseGMT parses a GMT time zone. The input string is known to start "GMT".
  1392  // The function checks whether that is followed by a sign and a number in the
  1393  // range -23 through +23 excluding zero.
  1394  func parseGMT(value string) int {
  1395  	value = value[3:]
  1396  	if len(value) == 0 {
  1397  		return 3
  1398  	}
  1399  
  1400  	return 3 + parseSignedOffset(value)
  1401  }
  1402  
  1403  // parseSignedOffset parses a signed timezone offset (e.g. "+03" or "-04").
  1404  // The function checks for a signed number in the range -23 through +23 excluding zero.
  1405  // Returns length of the found offset string or 0 otherwise
  1406  func parseSignedOffset(value string) int {
  1407  	sign := value[0]
  1408  	if sign != '-' && sign != '+' {
  1409  		return 0
  1410  	}
  1411  	x, rem, err := leadingInt(value[1:])
  1412  
  1413  	// fail if nothing consumed by leadingInt
  1414  	if err != nil || value[1:] == rem {
  1415  		return 0
  1416  	}
  1417  	if x > 23 {
  1418  		return 0
  1419  	}
  1420  	return len(value) - len(rem)
  1421  }
  1422  
  1423  func commaOrPeriod(b byte) bool {
  1424  	return b == '.' || b == ','
  1425  }
  1426  
  1427  func parseNanoseconds(value string, nbytes int) (ns int, rangeErrString string, err error) {
  1428  	if !commaOrPeriod(value[0]) {
  1429  		err = errBad
  1430  		return
  1431  	}
  1432  	if nbytes > 10 {
  1433  		value = value[:10]
  1434  		nbytes = 10
  1435  	}
  1436  	if ns, err = atoi(value[1:nbytes]); err != nil {
  1437  		return
  1438  	}
  1439  	if ns < 0 {
  1440  		rangeErrString = "fractional second"
  1441  		return
  1442  	}
  1443  	// We need nanoseconds, which means scaling by the number
  1444  	// of missing digits in the format, maximum length 10.
  1445  	scaleDigits := 10 - nbytes
  1446  	for i := 0; i < scaleDigits; i++ {
  1447  		ns *= 10
  1448  	}
  1449  	return
  1450  }
  1451  
  1452  var errLeadingInt = errors.New("time: bad [0-9]*") // never printed
  1453  
  1454  // leadingInt consumes the leading [0-9]* from s.
  1455  func leadingInt(s string) (x uint64, rem string, err error) {
  1456  	i := 0
  1457  	for ; i < len(s); i++ {
  1458  		c := s[i]
  1459  		if c < '0' || c > '9' {
  1460  			break
  1461  		}
  1462  		if x > 1<<63/10 {
  1463  			// overflow
  1464  			return 0, "", errLeadingInt
  1465  		}
  1466  		x = x*10 + uint64(c) - '0'
  1467  		if x > 1<<63 {
  1468  			// overflow
  1469  			return 0, "", errLeadingInt
  1470  		}
  1471  	}
  1472  	return x, s[i:], nil
  1473  }
  1474  
  1475  // leadingFraction consumes the leading [0-9]* from s.
  1476  // It is used only for fractions, so does not return an error on overflow,
  1477  // it just stops accumulating precision.
  1478  func leadingFraction(s string) (x uint64, scale float64, rem string) {
  1479  	i := 0
  1480  	scale = 1
  1481  	overflow := false
  1482  	for ; i < len(s); i++ {
  1483  		c := s[i]
  1484  		if c < '0' || c > '9' {
  1485  			break
  1486  		}
  1487  		if overflow {
  1488  			continue
  1489  		}
  1490  		if x > (1<<63-1)/10 {
  1491  			// It's possible for overflow to give a positive number, so take care.
  1492  			overflow = true
  1493  			continue
  1494  		}
  1495  		y := x*10 + uint64(c) - '0'
  1496  		if y > 1<<63 {
  1497  			overflow = true
  1498  			continue
  1499  		}
  1500  		x = y
  1501  		scale *= 10
  1502  	}
  1503  	return x, scale, s[i:]
  1504  }
  1505  
  1506  var unitMap = map[string]uint64{
  1507  	"ns": uint64(Nanosecond),
  1508  	"us": uint64(Microsecond),
  1509  	"µs": uint64(Microsecond), // U+00B5 = micro symbol
  1510  	"μs": uint64(Microsecond), // U+03BC = Greek letter mu
  1511  	"ms": uint64(Millisecond),
  1512  	"s":  uint64(Second),
  1513  	"m":  uint64(Minute),
  1514  	"h":  uint64(Hour),
  1515  }
  1516  
  1517  // ParseDuration parses a duration string.
  1518  // A duration string is a possibly signed sequence of
  1519  // decimal numbers, each with optional fraction and a unit suffix,
  1520  // such as "300ms", "-1.5h" or "2h45m".
  1521  // Valid time units are "ns", "us" (or "µs"), "ms", "s", "m", "h".
  1522  func ParseDuration(s string) (Duration, error) {
  1523  	// [-+]?([0-9]*(\.[0-9]*)?[a-z]+)+
  1524  	orig := s
  1525  	var d uint64
  1526  	neg := false
  1527  
  1528  	// Consume [-+]?
  1529  	if s != "" {
  1530  		c := s[0]
  1531  		if c == '-' || c == '+' {
  1532  			neg = c == '-'
  1533  			s = s[1:]
  1534  		}
  1535  	}
  1536  	// Special case: if all that is left is "0", this is zero.
  1537  	if s == "0" {
  1538  		return 0, nil
  1539  	}
  1540  	if s == "" {
  1541  		return 0, errors.New("time: invalid duration " + quote(orig))
  1542  	}
  1543  	for s != "" {
  1544  		var (
  1545  			v, f  uint64      // integers before, after decimal point
  1546  			scale float64 = 1 // value = v + f/scale
  1547  		)
  1548  
  1549  		var err error
  1550  
  1551  		// The next character must be [0-9.]
  1552  		if !(s[0] == '.' || '0' <= s[0] && s[0] <= '9') {
  1553  			return 0, errors.New("time: invalid duration " + quote(orig))
  1554  		}
  1555  		// Consume [0-9]*
  1556  		pl := len(s)
  1557  		v, s, err = leadingInt(s)
  1558  		if err != nil {
  1559  			return 0, errors.New("time: invalid duration " + quote(orig))
  1560  		}
  1561  		pre := pl != len(s) // whether we consumed anything before a period
  1562  
  1563  		// Consume (\.[0-9]*)?
  1564  		post := false
  1565  		if s != "" && s[0] == '.' {
  1566  			s = s[1:]
  1567  			pl := len(s)
  1568  			f, scale, s = leadingFraction(s)
  1569  			post = pl != len(s)
  1570  		}
  1571  		if !pre && !post {
  1572  			// no digits (e.g. ".s" or "-.s")
  1573  			return 0, errors.New("time: invalid duration " + quote(orig))
  1574  		}
  1575  
  1576  		// Consume unit.
  1577  		i := 0
  1578  		for ; i < len(s); i++ {
  1579  			c := s[i]
  1580  			if c == '.' || '0' <= c && c <= '9' {
  1581  				break
  1582  			}
  1583  		}
  1584  		if i == 0 {
  1585  			return 0, errors.New("time: missing unit in duration " + quote(orig))
  1586  		}
  1587  		u := s[:i]
  1588  		s = s[i:]
  1589  		unit, ok := unitMap[u]
  1590  		if !ok {
  1591  			return 0, errors.New("time: unknown unit " + quote(u) + " in duration " + quote(orig))
  1592  		}
  1593  		if v > 1<<63/unit {
  1594  			// overflow
  1595  			return 0, errors.New("time: invalid duration " + quote(orig))
  1596  		}
  1597  		v *= unit
  1598  		if f > 0 {
  1599  			// float64 is needed to be nanosecond accurate for fractions of hours.
  1600  			// v >= 0 && (f*unit/scale) <= 3.6e+12 (ns/h, h is the largest unit)
  1601  			v += uint64(float64(f) * (float64(unit) / scale))
  1602  			if v > 1<<63 {
  1603  				// overflow
  1604  				return 0, errors.New("time: invalid duration " + quote(orig))
  1605  			}
  1606  		}
  1607  		d += v
  1608  		if d > 1<<63 {
  1609  			return 0, errors.New("time: invalid duration " + quote(orig))
  1610  		}
  1611  	}
  1612  	if neg {
  1613  		return -Duration(d), nil
  1614  	}
  1615  	if d > 1<<63-1 {
  1616  		return 0, errors.New("time: invalid duration " + quote(orig))
  1617  	}
  1618  	return Duration(d), nil
  1619  }
  1620  

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